An overview of the SPEARHEAD project and the results from its first year were presented at the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA)/ International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI) Joint Scientific Meeting 2025, held in Lisbon, Portugal, from 31 August – 05 September 2025.
The presentation was delivered by Athanasios Papaioannou (National Observatory of Athens), Coordinator of SPEARHEAD who demonstrated early results, highlighting major progress in producing novel datasets, cross-calibrating instruments, and combining observations with plasma models. The presentation further offered new insights into the Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) 74, observed on 11 May 2024, alongside the implementation and statistical analysis of proton (E > 100 MeV) and relativistic electron catalogues from Solar Orbiter, Ulysses, and the SOHO — advancing our understanding of high-energy particle dynamics.