The past two days have taken us deeper into the production of high-energy particles in the heliosphere and their consequences.
On Day 7, Dr. Mateja Dumbović delivered a well-structured lecture on the modulation of galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere and Forbush decreases. We explored how cosmic ray intensities vary over time, the role of solar wind structures and large heliospheric transients, and how these variations — including Forbush decreases — are observed and modeled.
Day 8 focused on very-high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Dr. Athanasios Papaioannou introduced the topic through key questions: what are these rare events, how do they form, and why are they important for both scientific research and space weather forecasting? In the second part of the session, Dr. Alexis Rouillard explained how we detect the highest-energy particles, both in space and on the ground, and what they reveal about the most extreme solar and stellar phenomena.
As always, the lectures were followed by practical exercises to apply and deepen our understanding of these complex processes.
A fascinating glimpse into the high-energy side of the Sun!